Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Geography - Essay Examplech has focused on so-called transitions or changes in the populations death range and birth rates, as they pertain to populations in the industrialized world, stretchability back two centuries. The model has four portrays stage 1, known as the pre-modern stage stage 2, or the urbanizing/industrializing stage stage 3, or the mature industrial stage and stage 4, or the post-industrial stage. The early stages argon characterized by high CBR and high CDR figures, at close to 35-40 for every thousand. At stage four, or the post-industrial stage, the population is at its highest, even as CBR and CDR figures are at their lowest, at around 10 for every thousand people. In the model, the CBR and CDR figures trend downwards slowly from stage 1 to stage 2, but the downwards trend accelerates at stage 3, until the figures plateu at stage 4, at the levels described above, around 10 for every 1,000 population. The stages of the model, and the CDR, CBR, and population f igures for every stage, are identified and plotted in this graph by way of illustration (Montgomery Lee 167-190 Galor 1-10)In the plot above, the large population at stage 4 and the low CBR and CDR figures there are graphically illustrated. In the first stage, the birth and death rates are similar, with CBR being only fractionally larger than CDR, so that the population was almost static, and population stunt woman was measured in thousands of years. Stage One is characterized by high levels of infant mortality, from poor hygiene that resulted in many diseases such as diarrhea and cholera. With the advent of industrialization and urbanization. Medicine was also archaic at that time, with knowledge on disease management and prevention being basic or unavailable altogether, and the holy terror of hunger from famines eventually coming to pass. The high death rates countered the effect of high birth rates, or CBR, at this stage (Montgomery Lee 167-190 Galor 1-10).In the industrializat ion and urbanization stage, or stage

Contracts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Contracts - Assignment ExampleConsideration of the terms of the rationalise also constitute a valid contract and it can be seen that this step was taken into key out in the formation of this contract. The parties involved have the capacity to contract since they are mature enough to be responsible of their actions and the aspect of legality also exists in this contract and that is the reason why it became binding.2) In the issuing that I am Adams attorney, I would categorically state that the verbal agreement made surrounded by the both parties constitutes a valid contract. By an standard, it can be seen that a valid contract has been formed between Adams and Bill though the verbal agreement they entered into. Bills attempt to breach the contract by and by realising that the restaurant has been making high profits is illegal.3) Probably with little success in sight, I would search to argue on behalf of Bill that the contract should not be enforced because it was not written. S ome flock may argue that a verbal agreement is difficult to prove and this is the point I pull up stakes base my argument

Of Man and the stream of time by Rachel Carson Essay

Of humanness and the stream of time by Rachel Carson - Essay ExampleCarsons essay proposes a thesis that the repair objective of man in his genius is to make nature submissive yet nature is non something to be conquered but to be made accommodative. As human beings continue to find new slipway to harness the natural resources, they end up destroying the nature itself.Carson has adequately supported the thesis through her normal of emotions related to how people treats nature wrongly. The fact that it took her ten years to prepare for this perspective is an indication tolerable that the thesis is researched comprehensively. The writer then explains how the efforts that man has been putting to control nature have given little that positive results. The misuse of knowledge and technology that destroys nature makes man feel that he is making the nature submissive. What he does not realize is that nature fights back even more strongly.The writers design begins with statements on what the feelings about nature and the implication of human activities are. Carson describes what she feels are the wrong actions of man towards his efforts to tame nature. With this, she takes the ratifier back to the historic perspective of nature protection. She illustrates the difference in the views are currently from the traditional views. In the end, the writer regrets that her propagation was unable to give a positive report and hopes that the current generation will do better.

Marketing - Real-World Write-ups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing - Real-World Write-ups - Essay ExampleNevertheless, MTV does not actually prey Generation X (1965 to 1979) since 2009 after observing decline in viewership and subsequently in revenues. MTV, therefore, introduced new TV shows, reality programs and series such as Jersey Shore, 16 and Pregnant, Teen ma, My Life as Liz, The Hard Times of RJ Berger and Skins for the younger consumers to enhance viewership, relationships with advertisers and financial revenues from advertising and sponsorships. The popularity of teenage utterer (16 years) Justin Bieber has compelled MTV to sponsor his programs for enhancing its reach among teens with unique tastes and preferences, while having stable buying power and income. However, exposure of eroticism and knowledgeable content in Skins also adversely impacted MTV because its advertising partners do not endorse such vulgarity and consider that act against their Code of Conduct. For instance, the audience also declined by 50%, thereby in direct that negative entertainment is not acceptable at all. In conclusion, MTV has once again increased its viewership because of its blueprint and differentiation strategies, thereby enabling TV channel to enhance stakeholders inclination towards MTV.

The Determinants of Sustainable Competitive Advantage in International Research Paper

The Determinants of Sustainable Competitive advantage in International Marketing - Research Paper ExampleSame way many otherwise prominent companies failed to develop properly in international market because of their misinterpretations and wrong perceptions about the sireable militant strategies in international market. Knowledge management, be leadership or polariating, innovation or development of recent products, timing of introduction of new products, customization of the product and technology, superior technology, ability to adapt with local cultures, commitment to demonstrates embodied social responsibility, geographic dispersion of activities etc are some areas in which international companies should focus more to sustain their combative advantage in international market. This paper analyses various determinants of sustainable competitive advantage in International Marketing. A company that operates in a small number of countries or within in a restricted business sect or may believe that its competitive advantage comes from low equal manufacturing, design capability and distribution efficiency. However when exposed to world(a) competition it may find that its receive competitive advantages cannot be transported to new countries and discover, instead, that regional or spherical competitors have even greater competitive advantage in their own domestic markets as wells as in the target nation market (Doole & Lowe, p.430). Knowledge management is one of the major determinants of competitive advantage in international market. As mentioned earlier, Parker Pen Company tried to sell its products in international market using same market strategies everywhere. Parker Pen was the market leader in the manufacturing of writing equipment once. But now same thing cannot be said about them because of the huge setbacks they received from international market during the initial period of globalization. The idea of exchange pens the same way everywhere did n ot sit well with many parker subsidiaries and distributors. Pens were indeed the same, but markets, were different (Marketing across cultures, p.195). Parker thought that for the same product, same marketing strategy is enough everywhere. They failed to recognize the fact that the global market is different from domestic market and it needs customized marketing strategies for each market outside, United States. It should be noted that Tiger Woods could be a good injury Ambassador in American conditions whereas in Indian conditions, instead of Tiger Woods, Sachin Tendulkar or Shah Ruk Khan could be a better brand ambassador. In short, local knowledge is essential for international companies to formulate better business strategies for each global market in which they try to sell their products. Traditional approaches to developing competitive advantage focus on developing a positional advantage relative to competition based either on cost leadership or differentiating the product /se rvice offering (Craig and Douglas). However, in international market, cost leadership or differentiation strategies alone may not help an organization much. For example, most of the Chinese products are believed to be the cheapest products available in the global market at present, compared to the products from competitors. China is focusing more on bill rather than quality while producing goods. Cheaper price may help Chinese companies to sell their

Educational use of Information Technologies Essay

Educational use of Information Technologies - Essay ExampleThe advent of computers has brought sweeping converts to the way children across the country are learning. In classrooms across the country, todays first-graders do their addition problems behind a computer screen and middle-school students carry on research via the Internet, rather than the local libraries. The addition of technology in the classroom exposes children to computers and gives them a basic judgment of their use, but few teachers use technology to its full potential, leaving students and society at a disadvantage. Although expert advances make teaching and learning easier, a greater effort needs to be made to hold youths for the intellectually-driven jobs of the future.Job availability in the information answers sector is expected to grow by 11.6 share by 2014, creating an estimated 364,000 jobs for those well-trained in the field of technology (U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Outlook, 2003, paragra ph 22). As well, the rural area is expected to see growth in the soft skills job sector, such as customer service positions, which requires a workforce with good math, written communication and problem-solving skills (U.S. Department of Labor 21st Century men Initiative, 2004, paragraph 3). Just as the characteristics of the American classroom have evolved over the past few decades, the American workforce is also seeing a shift from manual, factory jobs to intellectually-driven service jobs. As technology continues to change and improve lives in todays global community, it is crucial that the American educational system keep pace by implementing technological advances in the classroom to improve the academic executing of students and ensure that our nations youths are prepared when they arrive the ever-evolving and expanding U.S. job market.In response to growing concern nationwide about the poor academic performance of the countrys schoolchildren, President George

Critical management perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical wariness perspectives - Essay ExampleWhen 70 per centum of the surveyed individuals prefer to buy Company As products and services over the Company Bs competing products and services, Company As products and services has more value over the value of Company B. take account includes the value of the supply chaini. Academic theory /literature to justify my idea One research shows that the high society must exert efforts to create and enhance problem concern valueii. For the argument entity, value equates to the quality of the services offered. A club that delivers the same product within two days has a lower value when compared to some other companionship that offers to deliver the same product or service within a lesser succession period. The research shows that value includes quality of the factors that contribute supplying the immediate demand of the companys original and future customers. The factors include the suppliers delivery of the companys raw materials and other quality supply needs on time. Further, another research states that value creation and enhancement includes implementing the best alternative marketing and management plansiii. The research shows that value creation in the contemporary business organization is complex and many-phased topic that incorporates changing factors. For example, outsourcing will increase the companys revenues. ... Economic principles dictate that as the demand for the companys products and services decrease, the current and future customers demand for the companys products and services increaseiv. Furthermore, another research indicates that business value investing and improvement should be prioritizedv. The value investing and improvement included companies are forecasted to take hold high value. There are many factors that contribute to increasing and retaining the companys high business value. The factors include the companys historical revenue trend. The company that shows it generated thr ee prior years high revenue will have a higher business value compared to the company that has a tract record of three years of lackluster (low) revenue outputs. Additionally, the company that has shows it generated net profits for the past times three years has a higher business value compared to a company that had generated net losings for the past three years. Moreover, business combinations contribute to higher business valuevi. When a big company acquires a smaller company, the business value of the smaller company is catapulted to higher levels. Normally, big companies merge or shuffle with some of its competitors in order to increase its market presence. The increased market presence increase the companys revenues and profits. Often, the fair market values of the separate companies are used when determining the higher business value of the merged or combined company. Further, the merger or consolidation of the two companies includes adding one companys goodwill or good surn ame in the new combined companys higher business value. Goodwill can be defined as the popularity of the companys name among

The implications of the major determinants of demand and supply to Essay

The implications of the major determinants of take away and supply to municipal manse building industry - Essay ExampleThis paper starts with understanding this market. Here we will discuss round Porters Five Forces Model and try to understand the kind of customers marketers drive home in the domestic trapping sector. This section would be followed by the discussion on determinants of demand and supply in the housing industry. Once we have understood the market structure and supply-demands we will be discussing various factors like economic, social, legal and environmental which affect the industry. This will be followed by the analysis and conclusion.The industry is made up of some 192,404 construction firms, 164,000 of which have less that 24 employees. Just 56 firms have to a greater extent than 1,200 employees. (Source Construction Statistics one-year 2002/CITB). 2There are around 192,404 small and big firms. 56 firms have employed more than 1200 employees while 28,348 f irms have employed 25 or more than 25 people and rest 164,000 firms have employed less than 24 people in their organization. Around 500 firms work for overseas contracts also.4 The fragment contender and exit barriers are high.As it is almost mature industry in Britain, the number of providers and rivalry among them is high. This gives an added advantage to the constructor to negotiate for the quality and the price of goods supplied by them. The switching cost from one supplier to another is usually high.Buyers power in the case of houses is limited. There are several reasons for this i.e. increasing demand of house, lesser number of buyers, buyers not connected to each other, lack of information and others.The threat of substitutes is less and inside the category. Housing requirements of an individual or family can be very specific leaving no agency for many or instant substitutes. It depends upon the quality, price and availability of the house.The consumer behaviour can be div ided on the basis of the type of consumers. They can be divided on the basis of

Gaps in academic achievement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gaps in academic motion - Research Paper ExampleA particular investigation of existing literature reveals that the problem of educational gap presents numerous challenges to policy-makers. Many studies have examined the achievement gap between benighted and white students, the contributing factors and the underlying implications. The growing consensus that the achievement gap between black and white students persists even after controlling for various observable characteristics, has been contested. In a contemplate that used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten cohort (ECLS-K), the latest data administered by the pedagogy Department, Fryer and Levitt demonstrated that the achievement gap between black and white students can be eliminated by controlling for observable characteristics of the environment and school (Fryer and Levitt, 2004). The researchers asserted that the gap between black and white students widens one time students enter school (Fryer and Levitt, 2004). The authors main argument is that black students underachievement is imputable to attending lower quality schools. The study is robust and compares results obtained in previous randomized studies with nonrandom exemplification frames. In a study that examined the extent to which family wealth affected test scores among young black and white students, Conley and Yeung (2008) found little evidence that the achievement gap between black and white students could be explained by wealth disparity. The researchers used data from PSID, a longitudinal study using a stress size of 5,000 participants (Conley and Yeung, 2008).

Export and Import Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Export and Import - Research Paper ExampleThe culture of instating clear regulations has been in the joined States for a long time. This is done to ensure the safety of all the citizens of the rural. thitherfore, a pedigree that bequeath not consider such regulations is likely to flop. For example, the unify States has clear regulations on any imports that pose a threat to the environment (Manresa, 2010). This is a culture that has been developed to ensure the nation does not pose environmental threats to its citizens. App arntly, the issue of globalization has enhanced the regulations that are deemed to limit the influence on the environment. In the previous years, the regulations on imports were not stringent, which was an easy task for importers and exporters. As such, there is a need to take a adjacent reflection on these regulations before embarking on the import and export business.Culture of a country determines the mood of life of the citizens. Therefore, this is likely to affect the import and export business as it is likely to affect the entreat of supply of the products in the country (Cook, 2012). For example, the issue of junk foods is prevalent in the United States. This is an issue that has caused tumult between concerned parties especially in regard to health concerns. It is estimated that many young citizens of the country be in possession of health issues which emanate from the utilisation of junk foods. These are fast foods that are consumed frequently in the United States. ... In order to reduce such instances, there is a dreaded reduction on the achievement of such foods. This would be a setback to businesses that would wish to import and export foodstuff. Lastly, there is the culture of consumption of particular products. This should also be considered since the demand market will affect the business. Governmental, compliance management, and security requirements There are various institutions that are put in place to deal with the import and export business in the United States. These are institutions that ensure the business is conducted in a legal and safe path (Manresa, 2010). First, there is the Border Compliance Assistance Center which is instrumental in regulating expect of products on the United States border. This is a body that is obligated to safeguard any products that are transported to the United States with special way on solid and hazardous wastes. The United States is focused on reducing entry of waste materials into the country as this will cause environmental threats. Any business that wishes to transport products from the border into the United States has to postdate with the regulations that are highlighted by the Border Compliance Assistance Center. Similarly, this is an instrumental center where businesses gather information regarding transport from other places, which includes Mexico. Secondly, a business that would wish to import products into the United States has to comply wi th the Code of Federal Regulations (Weiss, 2011). These are the stated regulations that should be adhered to before starting any importation and exportation business in the United States. Compliance with the regulations requires massive preparation since they restrict

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

globalisation - Essay ExampleThe government should assist in enlightening the masses on the projects it plans to undertake. In addition, it should get out budget literacy so that the public could understand their role and that of the government in allocation.Government has a fuss of ensuring that globalization spreads in all countries in the world. The process is difficult since outreaching to the huge population is a fumbling and expensive exercise. The government plays a major task when it comes to doing away with the stereotypes concerning globalization .Most third world countries reckon that globalization leads to instability. Dealing with the menace caused by financial crises is an issue that the government cannot evade. The government has to encourage schoolgirlish people to go for quality education so as to be able to compete worldwide. Individuals who view low levels of education find it hard to secure jobs due to competition by the learned. Those who were employed pa y back lost their jobs over the years. In addition, the current employment wages

Is justice for all possible in America Research Paper

Is legal expert for all possible in America - Research composing ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that for all the legal bodies of the world providing fair and extend to justice to all is an ethical and mandatory responsibility the same holds accredited for United States of America (USA) as well. The USA follows a federal bent grass up in governance and federalism and dual sovereignty set out always remained two mutually conflicting aspects for the United States of America. Though in course of time well-nigh of the federal-state conflict attained an agreement on both part, perfection remained a mirage. Within a federal-state set up the state witnessed a declining supremacy, yet the criminal law remained a domain where the state uphold to enjoy the final say. However, Supreme Court kept the states under strict vigilance and often correct their action in case it deemed necessary. Questions however pierced through the surface that what does fairness actually s tands for and what is the true standard for the same. As usual, these couple of questions have also given birth to another who would be the ascertain body for fairness. The first amendment and the fourteenth amendment to the USA constitution determine the concept of fairness of justice for the federal and the state government respectively. Historically the USA has remained a multi-ethnic country from the Red Indians to the Afro-Americans, USA score is all about friction and conflict among people heralding from the different ethnic background. At this background providing justice for all becomes necessary but upholding equality among USA nationals is challenging as well.

GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY - search ExampleHe decided to focus on the supply of money instead of keeping the kindle rates small-scale (Rugman 2003, p.110). In this way, the take down and the stabilization (at low trains) of the inflation were set as the untested priorities of the US financial policy. Through the above practice, interest rates in US were increased from 11% (as in 1979) to 20% (in 1980s), a fact that led to a series implications for the US economy, as explained below. The changes in the US fiscal policy as developed in 1979 have been considered as a mention point in the American economy, affecting the practices developed by US monetary policy makers up today. The effects of the US monetary and fiscal policies on the countrys economy are discussed in this paper. Emphasis is given on the fact whether these policies have strengthened Americas position in the global economy or not. It is concluded that such target was achieved hardly not without implications. The high level of the countrys debt is an issue that should be addressed in order for the growth of the countrys economy to be real in all its aspects. 2. U.S. ... Through the decades, the effects of U.S. financial and monetary policies on the countrys economy have been differentiated, in accordance with the local political and social conditions but also with the economic environment in the global food market. In any case, the stabilization of inflation at low levels, a chance upon target of the monetary policy makers of 1979 has been achieved. However, periodically, the use of the above policy, i.e. targeting on low inflation, has been proved to be a rather inappropriate practice in order to face the market pressures, a fact which has been highlighted in the literature. In order to understand the effects of the US financial and monetary policies since 1979 on the American economy, it would be necessary to refer to the historical development of these policies, i.e. their range of app earance. Then, their effects on the American economy could be identified and evaluated taking into consideration the conditions in the global market. One of the key characteristics of the update of the US monetary policy of 1979 has been the following one emphasis has been given on lowering the inflation and keeping it on low levels. A strict monetary policy was used as a tool for achieving the above target (Allen 1999, p.170). The initial effect of the above policy has been the significant increase of the LDC (less developed countries) borrowing rates (Allen 1999, p.170). Because of the above practice, the countrys economy has been negatively affected the box of 1981-1982 has been unavoidable. In this context, the initial results of the economic reform of 1979 in US referring to the increase of the priorities of the countrys monetary policy, as described above had been negative. A similar assumption is developed in

Implications of Cultural Tourism for Host Communities Essay

Implications of Cultural Tourism for Host Communities - Essay Examplewere and there be societies where the idea of tour is practically unknown. Generally speaking holidaymaking and journey has become an important social phenomenon in most societies today. Often modern tourism is based on the pseudo-event. Most tourists find pleasure in the stage- bitaged events. OftenThe position race has been inveterate travelers. However the motive for travel till the dawn of reincarnation was usually pilgrimage, ecclesiastical business, diplomacy, or commerce. With the delightful discovery of antiquity, increasing numbers of young men were lured to the monuments of antiquated Rome. The flowering of renaissance first came about in Italy and the humanist education at an Italian university, peculiarly in Padua was the dream of many English gentlemen of resources. In spite of the cleavage of Christendom to Catholicism and Protestantism the inter charge between nations continued and it produced p rofound results for England. Before the invention of package tours the most popular form of travel to Italy was by The Grand Tours. Watching the extant antiquity and the prevailing finish of the peninsula provided a finish of culture and style to the young man.The Grand TourTravel as the finishing school of a obliging English gentleman is an idea that was in the British psyche for many years. Chaucers Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, a bold attempt, to guide a number of tales in the backdrop of a pilgrimage is a monumental document of the English predilection towards travel. The travel in which monk and friar, captain and doctor, cook and scholar rubbed shoulder in uproarious camaraderie presents colourful vignettes of medieval social life. Francis Bacon in his aphoristic essay, On Travel reflects on the salubrious aspect of travel as one that enriches the mind and completes the education of a gentleman. The Grand Tour as it developed later seems to have accepted the guideline s set by Bacon. He has recommended in the 16th ascorbic acid itself that young men should go abroad under the guidance of a tutor. He has enumerated the items that the young man should look for in his travel and what they must avoid. The first sentence of the essay itself declares travel as the inhering component of a gentlemans education. TRAVEL, in the younger sort, is a part of education, in the elder, a

How can technological change have an impact on the operating Essay

How can technological alter have an meeting on the operating environs of a global business - Essay ExampleThe multinational organisations should work and throne on the research and development activities in order to come up with different innovative ideas to take in matched edge over some other competitors in the industry (Amable, Barre, & Boyer, 1997). Operating Environment of a ball-shaped Business The operating environment of a global business can be classified as internal business environment and external business environment. It is big for the organisations to carefully analyse and evaluate the overall operating environment and come up with strategies which facilitate the organisations in the process of enhancing and improving their internal environment and competencies on the basis of the changes in the external environment. There are different strategic tools and methods used for the rating and analysis of the internal and external environment of the organisation (F reeman, 2010). For instance the internal environment is analysed with the help of the VRIO textile and resource based view. This framework allows the organisation to identify the internal competencies and skills which can be converted into matched advantage (Freeman, 2010). On the other hand the external environment is analysed with the help of the PESTEL framework and Porters five forces. ... factors can act either on national level or international level, at the same time the influence of each of these factors is directly dependent on the nature of the market (Freeman, 2010). Hence, it is important for the multinational organisations to carefully plan and execute the strategies on the basis of the external environment factors. On the other hand Porters five forces try to evaluate the impact of competitors and other important forces in the organisation including suppliers power, customers power, matched forces, substitutes, and potential entrants (Freeman, 2010). Hence, it can b e said that the strategic choices of the organisations are dependent on the environmental factors along with the availability of the resources and internal competencies. These elements allow the organisation to evaluate the technological changes and the resulting innovations. Along with this the bases of competitive advantage allows the organisation to decide that whether they will be innovation leader or innovation follower. The choices regarding the sustaining competitive advantages allow the organisations to manage the overall process of innovation along with the issues of the globalisation and intellectual property rights. Lastly, in that location are decisions related to the competition and collaboration (Freeman, 2010). Technological Changes and Innovations Out of the all macro environmental factors the impact of the technological changes and innovations on the operating environment of the organisations is being increasingly discussed. The technological changes and innovation s have been forcing the organisations to continuously change and enhance the products and processes (Christensen, 1997). There are several reasons behind the technological changes, for instance it can be

Plea Bargaining Essay Example for Free

Plea Bargaining EssayMost cases ar resolved through plea bargains. This is resulting from negotiations surrounded by the prosecutor and defence reaction attorney. Plea bargains sack up be made at any stage of the distressing rightness process. Plea bargains can be either a charge bargains or sentence bargains. in that respect argon advantages and disadvantages with plea bargains. With plea bargains, it can reflect the due process and detestation discipline of the savage justices. Plea bargain is an argument between the prosecutor and the defendant to plead guilty to a crime to receive a lesser charge or sentence rather than going to trial and get a harsher sentence or charge. These bargains argon another way for the prosecutor to have the defendant to examine against other defendants on other cases as well as the trail they are in. Plea bargains are another way to help reduce cases from going to trial. Usually please bargains are between the council and the defense at torney but the judge can have a factor in it depending on the jurisdiction. They can work with the judge for a predetermined sentence. If the prosecutor goes back on the agreement, the defendant can look the judge for relief.The judge may use different tactics to go about this such as withdrawal of the agreement or have the prosecutor go through the agreement there are distinct types of plea bargain. Charge talk terms is the most common and used plea. Charge bargain pertain negotiating charges that would be filed. This plea bargain will be to lesser charges and the higher charges will be dismissed. Sentencing bargaining involves pleading guilty to the state charges and not to a reduced charge so that the agreement is for a lighter sentence. There is also a lesser used plea bargain called fact bargaining.This bargaining uses certain facts in respin to not use other facts in the case that would cause a different verdict. The plea bargain has to follow through with these knowing ri ghts a knowing wavier of rights, a conscious wavier, and a factual basis to support the charges t which the defendant is pleading guilty. Plea bargaining is a lot criticized but the majority of convictions are due to bargaining. The benefits a plea bargains is there for the defendant. The defendant has this as an resource instead of a trial, its uncertainties and to avoid maximum sentence.For the courts it lightens their loads for the judges and the prosecutors. The disadvantages of plea bargains are for those who are unobjectionable pleading guilty for a crime to avoid the harsher verdict if found guilty in a trial. The plea bargains require the defendants to give up their constitutional rights. Rights that are protected by the fifth and sixth amendment the defendant will have to waive the right to a jury, the right against self-incrimination in the right to stage hostile witnesses. The plea bargains are accepted as long as the defendant understands the consequences and volun teers to do so. presently if the defendant is coerced to do a guilty plea then it is unconstitutional. It also makes law enforcement and lawyers lazy in doing their job because it is an easy way out of not taking the time to investigate and to prepare a decent case. The due process makes legitimate that the defendant is receiving fair treatment while in the vile justice hands. Plea bargaining reflects the due process because if the prosecutor has all their facts together, they can pursue a case to avoid the motions of a trial. The counsel allows the defendant the option of the plea bargain.If accepted, their sentence is reduced. The crime control assumes all is guilty before court so the plea bargains will not likely to be used here. The crime control suggests everyone is guilty and they should be tried and punished before the court. Though they are on opposite ends, the due process and crime control model have benefits that all of the branches of the guilty justice can handle. T o ensure those individuals are receiving fair trails, the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments are very valuable to the justice system.According to FindLaw (2013), Judicial economy simply means that one goal of the judicial system is to cogitate cases in an efficient and speedy manner. Without plea bargaining, it is widely believed that there would be an explosion of cases which in turn would overtax and disrupt the current legal system. Plea bargains are a notion to a sure sentence. Going to trial can result in months or years of arguments, hung jury, and evidence being unaccounted for, and etcetera Prosecutors prefer to settle cases with plea bargains than to juggle a verdict with a jury.

Child and Young Person Development Essay Example for Free

Child and infantile Person Development Essay corporal Development birth-3 epoch The physical suppuration for this age class is expound below Baby raises head and chest when lying on stomach and supports its upper body with blazon when lying on stomach they ar adequate to(p) to stretch their legs issue and kick when lying on their stomach or back. They be able to open and shut their reach, pushing down on their legs when their feet be placed on a firm surface. At this age sucking and grasping reflexes maturate the thwart is able to focus and follow objects with eyes and brings pass to mouth. They get under ones skin to take swipes at dangling objects with hands their movements become unfalteringer.They learn to co-ordinate their movements. Most 18month sr.s usually walk by themselves ( so far though whatsoever of them dexterity become quite wobbly or unsteady). At 3 days or so plenty use tricycle, skip over, record hop and advance A churl grows and pay offs at an astonishing rate during their fore nigh 3 eld of growing demonstrates. Therefore a pincers body grows stronger, in which they give-up the ghost to intermit co-ordination movements, By the m a bollix up reaches their first birthday, they begin to support large amounts of free weight and pulls themself up to their feet, standing this is the beginning of walking.As a impart an 18months old child pull up stakes be capable to walk by themselves even though some of them dexterity become quite wobbly or unsteady, also by the age of 3 age a child baron be able to run, jump, hop, climb a climbing frame with minuscule support and pedal a tricycle to get around easily. By the age of 2 old age a child whitethorn master scribbling with a large piece of crayon also by 3 years old they develop the skill to thread a large beads and also movement to general anatomy a tower with eight or more than blocks depending on how balanced and flexible they world power be. Babies do not touch off their walking breakthrough with perfect pace.There is some(prenominal) shuffling, toe walking. The leaning for the thwarts legs to curtsey out will usually correct itself by the age of 3 years old. Communication and quick Development At this age they watch faces intently following moving objects recognises known objects and hatful at a distance, they start employ hands and eyes in coordination smiling at the sound of familiar voice. They smiles and coo in response to an separate(prenominal)wises and begins to imitate movements and facial stockpileions e. g. Sticking out tongue and begin to babble, imitating sounds. They atomic number 18 able to turn their head towards the direction of sound.This degree of teaching children will make development in two communication and thinking skills. Generally some children might communicate by crying by expressing their feelings that rely on reflex behaviour and aboveboard baby language to children who butt joint speak complete sentences, ask questions and use their mind to solve problems to workout things for themselves. A 5year old mess communicate using simple sentences and usually understand simple language. hearty, Behavioural and Emotional Development At this age they begin to develop a social smile relishs performing with other mickle and may cry when acting s extremums.They become more communicative and expressive with face and body Imitating some movements and facial expressions. throughout childrens first 3 years of life they will comport advanced a lot. A baby will become totally depending on their careers or parents for all of their care. Children become confident and free-lance individuals by the age of 3years old. But at the age of 3 years old children will become interference when they are faced with separation situations, such as starting nursery or if left with mortal else (stranger) other than family members such as a mother or a father.Physical development 3-5 years Children of this age are able to walk in a straight line, backwards, and up and down stairs. They hop on one foot and are able to use paints, scissors, pencils, and crayons to purposefully create shapes, faces, and garner. They are in all probability to commence bladder and bowel control and are able to habites and undress themselves, feed themselves and do simple chores with assistance and direction. Children start to carry out more body co-ordination movements and start growing in corporate trust as a result and learn to control their gross motor skills more sharply.Between trine and five years, childrens confidence grows as they start to explore and look for answers and reasons for e genuinelything in their world. They love beingness praised for trying and homogeneous to try e realthing themselves. Both three and four-year-olds are same(p)ly to be very busy because they are trying to develop their running, climbing and balancing skills. They need plenty of pris on term outdoors to be able to do this. Although many children at four are experts at climbing, they will generally notwithstanding attempt what they can manage safely.They still need supervision, however, as they sometimes can climb up an object and and then are not able to get down without help. Children will start to plight in imaginary play, and pretend to be animals or fairies, or adults wish mums or dads, teachers or doctors. Children by the age of 5years develop their fine motor skills as they are acquire how to use their controlling skills in order to complete more complex tasks. At the age of 5 years many children can hop, jump and skip as some 5year olds will use a make iting hand (either the right way or left).Communication and intellectual development Al ways asks Why? Uses longer sentences. Grammar improves. Starts to understand the difference mingled with real and imaginary. Listens to, and understands, unmindful stories. Sings simple songs and recites rhymes from memory. Has a very active imagination. Children start to understand more ambitious theory (like time) and will sense problem- work out skills to work things out for themselves. At this stage their language skills progress very rapidly as the childs vocabulary expands and they constantly ask questions.Generally on the unscathed three year olds defend wide vocabulary and they can communicate using complex sentences that are most grammatically correct. At this stage children have an active imagination they listen to, and understand short stories and might tell you their own version of the story. Children can use proper grammar as they are growth and start to ask questions such as why, where and when. They will start to use long sentences to try and exempt things, they will sing and saltation along to musics or even they will recites rhymes from memory. Social, stirred and behavioural developmentAt this age the child is able to ever more identify and give a name to their own feelings. They are also able to use words instead of actions to express feelings. They may start to develop fears include real (the dark, animals, and thunderstorms) and imaginary (monsters, ghosts) subjects and may exaggerates and tells tall tales. They enjoy talking virtually body functions, a sense of humor develops as the begins to make do and take turns. This stage of development they start to frivol away less but will use name calling more, will enjoy playing with other children more at this stage.Children use pretend play more and use their visionary and theme based to play mamas and papas. Children like to talk and will talk none stop, children enjoy playing group activities and games with other children or by themselves. At the age of three or five years children might undergo numerous changes and for most children this is the stage where they will be starting nursery and then going on to school. Therefore they will have impertinently experiences which is ch allenging for children but this helps them to learn about managing their feelings and behaviour and develop social skills like sharing and playing together.Between three and five years children are able to understand consequences of behaviour and also the concept of getting in trouble. Physical development 5-8 years At this age a child may begin to lose baby teeth is able to dress self with slender assistance, they learns to skip, throws a ball everyplacehead catches bounced balls rides a tricycle skilfully may show interest in riding a bicycle with training wheels. This age group is able to balances on either foot for 5-10 seconds, they are able to use fork and knife well, can confidently cut with a scissors, at this stage left or right hand dominance is established.This child walks down stairs, alternating feet without using a handrail they are able Jumps over low objects, run, gallop, and tumble. They can skip and run on tiptoe and jump rope. They are interested in performing tricks like standing on head, performing dance steps and are capable of learning complex body coordination skills like swimming, ice or roller skating, and riding bicycles. They may be able to tie shoelaces and are able to copy simple designs and shapes. Between five and eight years children develop better co-ordination and more stamina of their gross motor skills.At this stage children become more skilful with their controlling abilities, they also develop team games such as football as it is a very popular game with children especially with boys. This stage of development children are learning to ride a roll with stabiliser, they also have developed the sense of rhythm and enjoy dancing and movement activities. On the square a 5 year old can tiptoe or run, they will understand time, they have mastered the alphabet, can use simple correct grammar really well and they play really with other children and they can put on their own shoes by themselves.Most five year olds can walk b ackward, walk heel-to-toe without losing balance, run on toes, hop proficiently, get up without using hands, balance on alternate feet (eyes open or closed), catch a ball using hands more than arms, jump rope and jump down several steps at a time. Communication and intellectual development At this age children are able to use 5-8 words in a sentence, they might like to argue and reason use words like because. They would know basic colours like red, yellow, and blue, green, chromatic and are able to memorize their address and phone number.The child at this age understands that stories have a beginning, middle, and end and is able to remember stories and repeat them, they also enjoys creating and telling stories and develops an Understanding, that books are read from left to right, top to bottom. At this age a child enjoys riddles and jokes, draws pictures that represent animals, people, and objects. They enjoy tracing or copying letters and can place objects in order from shortest to tallest. They can understand and use comparative terms like big, bigger, or biggest and are able to Sorts objects by size.They can also identify some letters of the alphabet and a few numbers (if taught). They are able to understand more, less, and same and can count up to 10 objects. They recognises categories eg these toys are all animals, these are all toys and understand position of an object. Their dramatic play is much more elaborate and complex and they can maintain a good attention span concentrating well. They develop curiosity and are interested in cause and effect and can understand time concepts like yesterday, today and tomorrow.Childrens great deal of learning takes place in school, while children are in school they develop their skills in literacy such as (reading, writing, speaking and listening) and their understanding of problem solving and reasoning. By the age of eight years children use logical thought. Social, emotional and behavioural development At this st age of development children start to invent games of their own with friends with simple rules and they will organise toys and pretend play with the other children.Children this stage start to confuse between what is a fantasy and reality and might contracted themselves. either now and then children have fears of loud noises, the dark, animals, and on occasions of some people. This stage children might start to develop ownership or taking control of things and might not want to take turns and share things with others but doesnt always want to. Children express anger in many different ways they might hit another child because they were not given the chance or choice to have a turn in playing the same games and sometimes will get jealousy.Occasionally children try to test their muscular strength and motor skills, but are not emotionally ready for competition. Children time and again might exclude other children in play only wanting to stick with outmatch friends, children develop the use of swear words or from time to time bathroom words in order to gain attention from peers or teachers. They can sometimes be very bossy, likes to try new challenges and take risks, and carries on conversations with other children and adults. They want to make decisions for themselves of what they want to do or eat and dress as.They start to develop an understanding of others feelings and might become aware of another child becoming groundless or sad. Children might choose company of 1 or 2 children at a time and might even become bossy or sulky when others join in. A child might like to feel grown up boasts about self to younger, less capable children. They begin to have a very basic understanding of right and wrong. They start to play contentedly and independently without needing a constant supervision sometimes they take turns or shares with others but might feel a little bit hesitant.A child might sometimes ask for permission, shows respect and understands rules, they unders tand and enjoys both braggy and receiving, enjoys collecting things and at times needs to get away and be alone, children develop understanding of relationships and similarities and differences in other families, a child will seek an adults approval and sometimes be critical of other children and might be embarrassed by own mistakes. They are less fearful of the world than they are of toddlers because they understand the world better, has a good sense of humour, and enjoys jokes and laughter with adults and peers.Children are becoming much more mature and independent. Children are increasingly independent, undertaking most physical care needs for themselves. They enjoy group play and co-operative activities. By this age children have increase sense of personality and gender are developed. Through improved language skills, thereof children are much more of expressing their feelings and managing their behaviour. By this stage children have established friendship and they become much more confident in social situations. Physical development 8-12By this stage children develop their puberty for both girls and boys from the around the age of 9 and for some girls they may even start to menstruate around the age of 10 or 11 years old. But for most boys puberty starts later at around 13 or 14 years old and this can lead to some self-consciousness between boys and girls. Boys starts get to develop a deepening of their voice and will start to build up apple in their throat. Boys will begin to have growth of their testicles and extremity and start to grow pubic hair, most will have spontaneous erections and wet dreams. Communication and intellectual developmentAt this stage childrens thinking skills is developing maturing and most ten years old can now understand abstracts ideas such as (like feelings). because childrens reasoning and problem solving skills becomes more established and also most ten years old can complete lull complicated calculations. By this stage children will start that enjoy conversing with each other and chatting in friendships groups. Social development Girls and boys that develop early are often self-conscious of their body and a target for testy Your child may become interested in experimenting with holding hands, hugging and kissing other boys or girlsChildren at this stage may feel unsettled when making transition from primary school to alternative school and as puberty approaches. Most children may find the transition to secondary challenging and demanding might as well experience intense anxiety and real fear the transit to secondary school. Which therefore can leads to problems with self-esteem and as a result some children become victims of bullying. Most children become independent and might make decision more also they may play unsupervised at times. At this stage children may travel to school by themselves towards and by the end of age band.As they hit teenage stage they develop mood swings. They will also have conflict with parents/careers collect to longing for more independence such as why cant I stay place alone. They also find that rules are unfair (but all my friends are allowed to do it), they will also start challenging rules to see what happens and may also refuse to go along with some decisions made by parents/careers. Physical development 12-19 years By fifteen or sixteen years of age for most girls the process of puberty is completed. On the other hand for boys puberty starts around the age of fourteen years.For both boys and girls their body changes rapidly throughout puberty, even though some boys grow very rapidly, this can lead to some degree of clumsiness and poor spatial awareness. At this stage some children might develop some talents in sport activities. They might even learn or refine controlling skills such as drawing, stitching, carpentry, woodwork and playing instrument. Communication and intellectual development Young people will be faced with challenges i n school as they will preparing for examinations and start to think about their future.At this stage of development childrens academic knowledge stats to increase as exam curriculum is followed towards aged sixteen, as a result decisions are made about their future goals such as (college course and university careers). They might become reluctant to directly as adults for advice or information they need. Young people may prefer to access information or advice as anonymously. Young people might become stressful due to the pressure to achieve and succeed becomes a powerful force.Young peoples communication is carried out in number of through electronic means such as text message ia lively phones, emails or social networking sites such as facebook, twitter and instagram. Social, emotional and behavioural development Young people desire to express understanding starts to develop while at the same time they form strong desire to fit in with peers become apparent and interest in the opp osite sex, and also in own sexuality. They might express themselves through creatively such as art/music/dance/drama and even in creative writing. Young people may experience mood swings and they may disregard the opinions/values of parents/careers if they conflict with those of the peer group.As a result many young people experience their first romantic relationships at this stage and this can lead to some complicated emotions for them to manage. Consequently these stages of development young people become overly concerned about their appearances such as weight or body image. In some cases this leads to eating disorders, low self-esteem and depressions. Sometimes young people swing between acting maturely and saying/doing childish things. Young people are more likely to communicate their inner thoughts and feelings more frequently to friends than they are with adults.

Mississippi’s school Essay Example for Free

Mississippis school adjudicateThe SAGE program in rivenership with John Hopkins University of Baltimore Maryland, invites, takes or districts to become members in improving the pupil consummation in the potential members schools. Through the National Network of Partnership Schools, SAGE and others in the meshwork will work states, districts and other educational organization members to form an Action Team for Partnership plan. Members bind the Six Types of Involvement format (NNPS online). Five years of NNPS surveys and result focused studies on member schools age has been reported (2005). NNPS uses research results to develop practical tools, materials, and guidelines for schools and school districts. Presently, over 1000 schools, 100 districts, and 17 state departments of education are working with NNPS to use research-based approaches to establish and strengthen their programs of school, family, and community partnerships (2005). It is suggested that incorporating the following elements create conk out programs and outreaching to parents of the schoolchilds and make upd enate involvement (2005). 1. Leadership 2. Teamwork 3.Action plans 4. Implementation of plans 5. Funding 6. Collegial support 7. military rank 8. Networking Results from longitudinal studies showed that a review of literature on family involvement with students on cultivation, indicated that, across the says, subject specialised interventions to involve families in reading and related language arts, positively affected students reading skills and scores (Sheldon Epstein, 2005b). The master key SAGE pilot program research involved participants of which fifty percent were below the poverty take (Vinson, 2002).Participating differentiatees were reduced from average size of it of it to fifteen students per teacher. An evaluation by Molinar, Smith and Zahorik (1999) revealed that the first grade SAGE students demonstrated higher effect when compared to nonparticipating schools in both language arts and math. Second and trine graders were reported to follow the same pattern. The third study to be reviewed is the Prime Time (1984) project in Indiana. This was origin all in ally planned to be a two year project started in 1984 but it had much(prenominal) promising results that by 1988 all k-3 clanes were reduced in Indiana.The average FTE was eighteen. In 1989, McGivern, Gilman and Tillitski compared samples of achievement levels of second graders from hexad districts with reduced class sizes and three districts that were not reduced and found significantly larger gains in reading and math among students of dinkyer classes. As with project STAR, SAGE has suffered criticism. Limitations mentioned were that students were not assigned to experimental control groups on a random basis, and that school policies were dislodged and implemented during the course of the study (Vinson, 2002).A widely criticized doer was the use of teacher incentives to motivate small classroom achievement. As mentioned previously, opinions on class size vary. oer the years several researchers have analyzed studies and evaluated the effectiveness of each. Glass and Smith (1979) found after analyzing 77 empirical studies on class size versus student achievement, that small classes were associated with higher achievement at all grade levels.For greatest results in student achievement, students should attend small classes for over one-hundred hours (1979), with under twenty students. little(a) classes are beneficial because of 1) better student reaction 2) teacher morale and 3) quality of the teaching surroundings (Vinson, 2002). In a review of one-hundred relevant studies, small classes had been the most beneficial, during kindergarten and third grade, but only if teachers change their methods and procedures (Robinson and Wittebols, 1986).Slavins (1990) research of empirical studies, were chosen for analysis based on a three part criteria 1) class size had been reduced for at least one year 2) twenty students were compared to substantially larger class sizes and 3) students in both class sizes were comparable (1990). Contrary to previously mentioned researchers, Slavin believed that smaller class size had minimal positive make on students and those effects did not continue once students were returned to normal, larger classes (1990).A highly published researcher, Eric Hanushek has voiced his opposition to small classes benefiting student achievement since the mid-1980s. In all his reviews of class size studies, hes always concluded that The evidence about improvements in student achievement that can be attributed to smaller classes turns out to be meager and unconvincing (Vinson, 2002). Johnson (2000), citing a study at the Heritage Foundation examining National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading data, asserted that the difference in reading assessment scores between students in small classes and students in large classes was insignificant.He criticized class size reduction programs citing California as example of how such programs exacerbate the problem of lack of satisfactory teachers to fill classrooms. His claim of the lack of association between class size and performance was consistent with Hanusheks conclusions (1999). Studies of the effects of class size in secondary schools are much more rare and mostly equivocal (Deutsch 2003 Grissmer 1999). Many of those who advocate for smaller class sizes at the secondary level argue that small classes positively impact the school environment, thus, improving performance indirectly.In her review of the literature of class size and secondary schools, Deutsch (2003) highlights studies that conclude small classes stimulate student engagement, allow more innovative instructional strategies, increase teacher-student interactions, reduce the amount of time teachers devote to discipline, improve teacher morale, and minimize feelings of isolation and alienation in adolescence that can come from anonymity. Another important process variable the researcher will investigate is the effects of school policy on student achievement. An influential policy becoming common in schools is that of parental support and teacher incentives.As with the other factors in this model, conclusions about the effects of both on student performance has been mixed, but recent studies seem to point to more positive correlations, particularly teacher get wind (Hedges, Lane, and Greenwald 1994). Mississippis Department of Educations Schools and Parents Partnering for Student Success is a brochure give to the parents of Mississippi public school students to educate them on what level of proficiency their child should be on in an attempt to form a relationship between school and home. Strategies for improving student achievement according to Mississippis School.

The contributions of Washing and Jefferson Essay Example for Free

The contributions of Washing and Jefferson EssayIn 1789, the first someone was elected to become the first president of the United States of America under the Constitution. The first person was cap. adjacent uppercase years later was the third president, Jefferson. The first few presidents of the United States contributed to establish a invariable government after the adoption of the Constitution. They stabilized the government through with(predicate) international affairs and internal affairs.Washington contributed to the stability of the government through internal affairs. wholeness such series of affairs started gambol out through the Hamiltons Fiscal Plan. Because of the Fiscal Plan, which was do to stabilize the economy, was the reason for the Whiskey rebellion. What Washington did was take out the rebellion. He used federal force to push the rebellion down under. Through that moment, it showed the nation the federal federal agency that the government had and t herefore strengthens it. Washington also established the judiciary branch and its power through the judiciary Act of 1789. This strengthened the judicial branch of the government making the government more rounded and stronger internally.Similarly, Washington also strengthened the stability of the government through international affairs. One such event would be the conflict with Britain and France in 1793. France wanted the US to side with them because of the Franco-American Alliance in 1778 however, Washington didnt want to overreach involved with other nations problems. Washington declared the Neutrality Proclamation in 1793. This kept the US out of any conflict. This neutrality would be the basis of all of the USs foreign policy for the next hundred years. resembling Washington, Jefferson also aided in the stability of the government under the Constitution through internal affairs. One internal affair that Jeffersons term of office went through was the Marbury vs. Madison Cas e of 1803. The resolution of this conflict strengthened the stability of the judicial branch of the government and therefore strengthening the stability of the government. Jeffersons election also open up flaws in the Electoral College which lead to the 12th amendment of the constitution which fixed the problem in the election mathematical process which strengthens the stability of thegovernment.Similarly, Jefferson also strengthened the stability of the government through international affairs. One such event would be the Tripolitan War. This event led to the development of the US navy and marines. They would strengthen the nations protection forces which in turn strengthen the US government.The following years after the presidency of Washington and Jefferson were able because of the contributions that Washington and Jefferson made to stabilize the government. Both presidents aided in the stability of the government through internal affairs same(p) fixing flaws in the Electoral College and through international affairs like foreign policies with Britain and France.

American Pluralism Essay Example for Free

Ameri plenty Pluralism EssayThroughout history the United States has had immigrants flock to the united states in hopes of better opportunity. In the eye of many a(prenominal) ,the United States was land of prosperity and opportunity. This trance of becoming favored from nothing was know as the American dream . It built this nation into what it is to twenty-four hours, which unfortunately is tainted with many negative aspects. President Clinton once said The American Dream that we were all raised on is a unsophisticated just now powerful iodin if you work hard and play by the rules you should be given over a chance to go as far your God-given ability will take you. This coming from a man who was the president . However Clinton has neither played by the rules nor did he work hard. Clinton has made 80 million just off speaking , as well as his breaking the rules, which he is so famous for. Then how was this man, not hardworking and adulterous, become the American dream? S olely because the American dream is a myth, a fixed calculated lie. The American dream is just a notion to flurry the less fortunate people that race, gender, and class control how much money you atomic number 18 going to make. A huge factor hinder people from acting out this dream is race.Race is socially constructed construct where groups of people of similar features and cultures ar labeled . However races in our country still to this day be not treated as equals. For example, the average salary of a clean person is above 45 according to the office personally management while ,a Hispanic is at 36 , black is at 37, and Asian is at 42, all for the similar jobs. However this is for the minorities who make it through the other hardships. For example one of these other hardships is the school to prison pipeline.It is a foreign idea to most people because of how precis it sounds. However the difference of funding in students directly affect attitude , dropout rates, and criminal s. These students lack resources, qualified teaching, and stringent advanced classes. Minorities ar also punished worse, black children are suspended at least 2. 6 times to whites, thus leading to their 6 times much than whites rates of going to juveniles. In the eyes of an minority, school is a joke or a dream. Consequently there are few heavy jobs that pay enough for a living without a high school diploma.This example is perfection on a lower floor the school to prison pipeline, giving the wealthy white leverage over minorities. Adding insult to injuries these injustices are replied with white advantages. as detailed in livid privilege White privilege is like an ultraviolet packsack of special provisions, maps, passports(McIntosh. 45) In a just and perfect society we would all be equal, however the domain of a function we live in is very unequal. Not alone is our world not economically equal , but racial either. Throughout Americas history there were an inequality among races.For example as a white person , you can be assured that the color of your skin wont effect the cause of college you will be accepted to, as a minority that guarantee doesnt exist. Thus how is a person of color supposed to make a proper and wealthy life for themselves if that door of grooming was never opened? This control of education keeps whites as the wealthiest race, and as such becomes a privilege only for them. How can such laws be kept in play if they hinder other races? The purpose lies in politics. Due to white privilege, white people can expect to have people of their color to be accurately represented.This gives an huge hand in any legislature that can possibly effect minorities. level(p) in all these privileges, theres an negative aspect that becomes paramount in our modern day society. These privileges cause a strenuous tension between races , because of the fabricated superiority that it gives whites over minorities. Hence, this so called invisible knapsack i s only invisible to the user , and is in perfect sight of the oppressed. This just adds to the ocean of oppression felt by minorities proving race hinders the completion of the American dream.Male or female, seems like a simple question. However there is a world of connotations that come with such labels. Men and women have these values that are pushed upon them by society, confusing them to who they truly are. This Severely effects people who are confused on who they are ,because these transgender might just people who are just several(predicate) personality wise. Furthermore it affects you more than mentally but also affects you economically. The more economic resources such as education and job opportunities , are uncommitted to a group, the more they tend to be monopolized by men(Lorber 246). The author is stating that women in general are qualified yet underpaid. This is entirely true , through every field of work you see women being paid less for the same or less work. Lor ber believes socially that gender is a process of charge rights and responsibilities. Men and woman see what is expected of them and assume the role is theirs, whether it be fair or not. This contradicts the American dream, because it preaches economic prosperity for all who work for it, and statistically women cannot reach that level.Hence, they hardly attempt to reach that high. How did they get hold to this point what defined these roles to one another , the answer lies among media. Advertisements, commercials, magazines. We are constantly bombarded with these pictures, voices, and idols . Anyone who tones normal or acts different is assumed to be a joke or outcast. Through these images we show our children how to act and to assign themselves personalities because of what their ancestral makeup is. It is this link with violence that makes the objectification of women more serious issue than with men. (Kilbourne.263)This violence factor directly correlates with dominance. If you look through photos or magazines you can pick up a specific trend of nudity and pornography. fifty-fifty more so , there is a constant jab at women , making them inferior With this way of image growing up why would there be any motivation to be more than in those pictures? What is better than becoming rich? Being born rich is the most logical answer and this is how this 1 percent lives. The majority of this money, the . 1 % is old money. This money has been accumulated for hundreds of years and will be for hundreds more.The correlation of class and achievement of the American dream has been time and time proven. Reality 6 any Americans do not have an equal opportunity to succeed. Inheritance laws ensure a greater likeliness of success for the offspring of the wealthy. (Mantsios. 320) Yet another prime example of what class does for your chances at the American dream. The talk about can also be enforced, without class it is a abnormality to live the American dream. The Ameri can dream is just something we can strive for but not truly reach.The American dream was known for our idea of Manifest destiny so we killed thousands of Indians because we thought of them as second class citizens. We have purportedly progressed ,transcending racism and sexism into an extinct ideas. However they just exist socially and economically now, just changing its brutality. These issues cant be stopped through intellectual movements or programs, laws need to be enacted to change these process. These semipolitical figures need to stop thinking with their wallets and speak from their people.Without our changing of the law how are we supposed to become a more equal society. We live under a living document called the Constitution, if it promises our pursuit of property, now bliss , why cant it assist us in the American dream. MLA Work cited page McIntosh, Peggy . White privilege Unpacking the invisible knapsack. IndependentSchool. 1990 Mantsios, Gregory media magic making cla ss invisible. Rothenberg P. S. , ed. Race, Class and Gender in the US 3d ed. New York Martins, 1995. Lorber, Judith. Night to His Day The Social Construction of Gender. Yale University press. Yale college. 1994.

Old Man & the Sea Essay Example for Free

Old Man the Sea evidenceCaleb Cogan August 14, 2011 English 3 The Old Man and the Sea In The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway shows capital of Chile, a Cuban fisherman, as a strong and heroic man. The mans epic battle in the midst of the marlin represents his strength and symbolizes endurance. capital of Chile has set a journey to the sea for 84 days and is beat when he returns home with nothing. His friend Manolin has been forced by his parents to leave the old man to fish. Ernest Hemingway has created a character that has make a brave man who personifies courage, honor, and faith. As The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway is a tale which studies and shows the themes of an old mans bravery and endurance, he demonstrates strength in the biggest catch of his career. Santiago, the old man, finds a big marlin on his hook. This will be his biggest catch of his life. There is emotional damage and tension among the battle with the marlin and the old man. Defending catch ing the fish takes a lot of strength and courage. He deals with twinge and pain by protecting it. When he says he is not foiled, he says a man give the axe be destroyed but not defeated. (Spark scars Editors, 2002) Santiago enjoys the boy very much but Santiago is an divulgesider. Santiago is certain that his blocked streak will shortly come to an end, and he resolves to cruise out beyond any standard the following day. Because the boy shows his devotion to honesty of Santiago, he becomes his apprentice. Manolin recognizes Santiagos true strength and wisdom while other fisherman laugh at Santiago. (Spark Notes Editors. Spark Note on the Old Man and the Sea. ) Hemingway introduces some images that will return throughout the book. The first is the question of Santiagos endurance.The section also talks about two important themes Santiagos notional dream of Joe DiMaggio lions playing on the beach of Africa. Lions on a beach are a more(prenominal) puzzling symbol than that of Joe DiMaggio. The lions are Santiagos only dream. The image of lions in his dream reminds him of his connector between birth and his death. The lions playing show that his dream is broken from nature. Santiagos dream of Joe DiMaggio is an brainchild to him. To him, the baseball player helps him survive. DiMaggio returned to playing baseball to see the eyes of his fans after recovering from a dress up projection.Santiago catches some small tuna and thinks it would give him some strength. Soon, he feels a tight pull back on his line. The marlin, a great fish, nibbles then final bites. Santiago holds on tight giving everything hes got until his hands start to cramp up. He is determined to catch the fish as his opponent. When the marlin last surfaces it is longer than Santiagos boat. The struggle continues and he finally eats the tuna, wraps the line to his hand and goes to sleep. The following day Santiago harpoons the marlin and wins, but sharks come and eat the flesh of the marlin . So Santiago is not defeated and is not victorious.

Poetry and Ozymandias Heart Essay Example for Free

Poetry and Ozymandias Heart EssayHow life goes on the analyzing of diction and imagery in Ozymandias The poem Ozymandias by Percy Bysshe Shelley is about a traveler telling the talker about a statue in the desert. This statue is half sunk in the sand and the traveler explains that the sneer of cold command on the statues award shows that the sculptor understood the passions of the statues subject. This man sneered at the people who were not as powerful as him, but he ply his people because of something in his heart. The Traveler goes on and says that on the pedestal of the statue, it is written, My get a line is Ozymandias, king of kings / Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair But when you look all around the statue for the works at that place is nothing but sand and a bargon desert. In this poem, Percy Bysshe Shelley creates the image of destroyed sculptures to show that reputation destroys all and his choice of diction is quite interesting. The diction in this poem c reates a strong maven of imagery.The notable diction is combined with alliteration to create even more powerful imagery, such as the Sneer of col command. Ozymandias-ozy meaning air and mandias meaning King/God, is a sonnet, a fourteen lined poem metered in iambic pentameter. Percy Bysshe Shelley uses words such as, Trunk-less- torso is gone, visage- another(prenominal) name for face, and colossal- which is an allusion of the fiend of roads. He uses this choice of diction to interest the reader furthermore by being more descriptive and letting the readers imagination go wild. The poem Ozymandias has two voices. The first is the speaker, who tells the entire poem. The other is the traveler, who tells the main speaker about the poem. The speaker tells us the traveler is from an antique land, which is a metaphor for the old age of his country. Antiques are valued mainly for their age and are almost always not modern. The traveler is described as well-traveled, knowledgeable, and wise .The Travelers whole speech is about a statue that he once saw in the middle of a desert. He tells us that the trunk of the statue is gone The head of the statue lies in the sand at the feet of the legs and the expression on the face is still visible. There is a lot of death in this poem. The frame of reference represented in the statue is dead, along with the civilization to which it once belonged. The Traveler says that the lip is wrinkled, but he says this is not because of old age but it is the sneer of cold command. This leaves the reader with an impression that Ozymandias was a cold ruler and had no trouble giving orders. In thisoctave though it is suggests that the stone is exanimate, but on it is some passions. The reader, most likely imagines that these passions are greed, conceit, and other passions that are appropriate to a harsh, power-loving ruler.These same passions are said by the traveler to survive the hand that mocked them, which would be the sculptor, and the he art that fed them, which is Ozymandias.The poem is consistent to a single metaphor the shattered, ruined statue in the desert wasteland, but another metaphor is the heart that fed. Ozymandias heart fed these passions. The heart beted to be compared to a powerful figure and the passions seemed more like an animal the master throws some food to, but I think the genius is more that Ozymandias heart fed on the passions.When you look at it like this, Ozymandias heart becomes a killer whale and the passions his prey. It seems obvious then that the passions kept the heart alive and beating, the passions are sustenance to the heart. The passions dont seem to be suggested to be bad, but Ozymandias feeding on these passions of greed and conceit resulted in venomous, the same evil we see on the statues face. His image of the broken sculpture shows how things change over time and that humankind beings and materialistic values are seasonal and are bound to end. They are all prone to be aff ected by the laws of time.

The Kickapoo Indians Essay Example for Free

The Kickapoo Indians EssayThe growth of todays juvenility in an endangered culture. I. Topic The Kickapoo Indians argon a type of Native Ameri tail end people that dupe tribes across the United States. Stationed in Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma, the Kickapoo Indians have a culture that has not been faceted over and talked about much in our world and lifetime. While they ar part of the overall population of our country, we know little about them, and the influence they have on their children and the youth around them in the community. I want to claim the youth culture and see how the Kickapoo Indians affect the early(a) cultures around them. II. Literature Review I have done many searches on many sites to look for any research and studies on this tribe and the culture of these people. The states in which they live have the most reading about them. The state with the most information is Texas, and there is more information on the Mexican Kickapoo Indians than the new(prenom inal) three combined. III. MethodologyTo study the life and effect of the Kickapoo Indians, the plan is to join into their tribe under the miniature that it provide be to show the world more about their culture. We would need to gain funding to function with living costs until the researchers are able to find suitable replacements in the area. We plan to nag up permissions for this champaignwork to study the tribe currently in the lower portion of Texas. (see map) The plan is to win trust among the people, and slowly ask them to introduce us to their ceremonies, and beliefs and culture over time.We plan to gain at least three informants. We would pick an informant from each age group to better understand the evolution of the tribe through these prehistorical categorys. (Chapter 5 of Book). We would also like to accomplish a mapping process to understand how the distribution of the grunge works for the tribe as a whole. (Chapter 5) The tribe, cosmos in lower Texas, will easi ly be reached by plane. No passports or documents needed for out of country fieldwork will be needed for this field research. The foreseeable problems would be being able to ain access to the tribe grounds, as well as integrate into their community without repercussions. We expect to be able to approach the tribe after a year to two years of preparations prior to the move. After we arrive we figure it will be at a max, an amount of 4 years to be able to gather the information we can from the tribe. We believe it will take a minimum of 2 years in order to gain the trust amply of the tribe. Then another two years to gain the information from the three informants we hope to gain. IV. Ethical ConsiderationsWe are unsure of what type of ethical problems we will be facing when it comes to the Texas tribe of the Kickapoo Indians. Seeing as how these Indians are part of the American culture as well, it would be safe to bet that it would be one of the safer tribes in the world to visit. We can ensure confidentiality apply methods placed by federal systems, and can refrain from using informants that fear for their safety among the tribe if they wish, so that they are protected. We can also alert the reservation integrity enforcement to make sure we are backed up in the protection of the people.We will do anything we can to ensure that any risk to being a participant in our fieldwork is minimal. (Activity 1 Information page) V. final stage In conclusion, we would like to study the Texas tribe of Kickapoo Indians to learn about how their youth continue to thrive in the traditions of their elders as they grow in the ever changing world on the United States. With the Kickapoo youth being a part of normal American society we get to see the influence of the traditions of their culture in them, as they influence others around them.

Human experience and moral Essay Example for Free

Human experience and moral searchTo remember that it is man experience and moral values that will last forever and remained unchanged, and the development of human conscience further awakens to a newer and better future experiences be non dropped to mere past or else they become a recollection and a refraction to a disco re everyy of new you. The door not just a big wooden barrier to the entrance of our house but also an explosion to my emotions. Goodbyes were being said as happy birthdays? It was confusion that began to consume my mind and heart as my parents walked erupt the door not knowing when I will see them again. Excitement, happiness and joyfulness flowing on my blood as I began to veridicalize I am alone and everything my eyes spotted belonged to me. heaven was the chosen word by my desensitized numbness mind. However, a feeling of guilt made this question come apart my popular opinions, Do I have the just to enjoy this joyful moment of being alone, knowing that my military chaplain is going for a battle for his survival? As I was climbing the stair case to detect my nest, where all the gatherings and the devious planning of total times were held, I ignored my feeling of guilt and the habit of my fathers journey and I started thinking, HeyLet the fun begin Little was my knowledge well-nigh chance and choice. To the very least, I only knew their denotations. What happened to my father was neither his choice nor of the family but certainly a chance and for what chance it was, I did not know and did not strive to know. I saw everything as a pure chance. With parents away and no exact time when to be home it was a real chance to own my time a chance to go party everyday, stay up late, go to school late, and skip classes, neglecting the fact that along chances are series of choices and the interplay of the two alongside my treatment determines the flavour of my life.I allowed myself to be to the full consumed with the foolish jol lification of life. Partying with friends was a gauge for fulfillment. Shouts and yells became the expression of being fully a alert. I was unmindful of my dad who was into a different tone of shouting and yelling for pain and survival. We were at the opposite poles on the single line of human feeling. Instead of reaching out, I moved away. freeing to parties everyday meant staying up late at night. It resulted to going to school late and even skipping classes and the rest was a worse, if not worst, history of an irresponsible student and woman.The chain effects of my single unrecognized and unmeditated act delivered me to a world of guilt and shame and if nourished by pride, I will be lured forever into false happiness. I messed up my life Where am I to start? Where do I begin? neer can a plant, young or not, die when its branches are cut. Roots have to be give and uprooted. The same is true with my case. What is the root of my insensitivity to my familys case? Certainly, it was nt close going to party, naked as a jaybird and skipping classes, etc. It was about how I viewed and dealt with whats going on around.It was about having certain chances and making the right choices where decision making, anticipating, and understanding come in. True enough, it is only when I failed and committed mistakes that I came to realize had I thought things over and anticipated before acting, I wouldnt be this bad and guilty, and had I thought that I have the choice to do what is right and not act on emotional enjoyment and childishness, I wouldnt be messing my life this way and made my parents disappointed. My life is a chance and how I live it is a choice its quality is in my hands. How should I live it?Wherever you go the thresh about will constantly be blue. This line rang a bell to my ear. Certain things around are given for what they are and neither you nor I have the power to change them. And life is not about changing what we cannot but moving towards what is, for the whole humanity, true and therefore unchangeable. The truth is, what is true and unchangeable aims for what is good and what is good surpasses any age, color, time, gender, religion, and whatever differences we have. The whole existence of life should be directed towards doing good, and its mean is not our own selfish definition but the one true word LOVE.It was sad to notice that I was not excuse for failing to recognize what good I should have done that very moment of my life, but it would be bitter if I continue to dwell in that past and live miserably. While I did that mistake of falling into that dark pit of human existence, I will always have the choice of going out and live life on the banner of goodness and all I need is the staff of caution and discrimination to continue living and making the right choices for every chances that come my way.To remember that it is human experience and moral values that will last forever and remained unchanged, and the growth of hum an conscience further awakens to a newer and better future, I will always, not just remember, do good for the rest of my life. Merge the whole of myself in my eyes, and go towards the vision, go towards the vision, go towards the vision.

Financial Crisis Essay Example for Free

Financial Crisis EssayDear Grandchildren, The last two decades have seen measurable milestones being achieved, not entirely for America, but which also have global impact and implications. These milestones are in the technological, political, and financial arenas. They are also profound in the sense that life as was k straightn forward these changes would never be the same again. Below are some of the things I believe are the about significant, simply because they are a sign of the times and which have direct impact on our lives in America. Technologic onlyy, there has been a digital revolution, with the advent of the Internet on the world scene. The home computer is now a ubiquitous item, and easily replaces the television and radio as furniture, feature display, and entertainment console. It also provides agate line solutions, home office setups, a vast knowledge and information database, and connectivity with the rest of the world. There is virtually no chance for anyone to be a hermit anymore. Even we old folks have mastered the grassroots skills of emailing, skype-ing, googling, and Facebooking.What more can we ask for? These will discover us entertained for many more age to come. There will not be time and lack of interaction for us to grow senile. The browse of gadgets is simply gorgeous Mobile phones, netbooks, iPads, and LED TV screens are now the must-have items. They increase our productivity, schedule our lives, and keep us updated on the go. Social media has given us social convergence and brought us closer as a firmness of purpose ironically, sometimes, they also cause us to be indifferent and insensitive to those physically close-hauled to us.Politically, the United States has broken through the invisible ceiling and has installed for the first time in its history, an African American president. This is simply unthinkable, and had it not been for this moment in time, would not have happened at all. That said, it may herald the co ntingency for other minority races in the United States to reach the top spot. Barack Obama, at one stroke, has finally achieved that which had eluded activists all along. He has achieved the realization of emancipation for all African Americans.In his becoming President, he has been able to soothe both the Democrats and the Republicans and thus far, he has been even-handed and circumspect. Financially, there has been a tremendous upheaval in both the American and global economies. There was the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 which channeled much of the wealth then to the United States and Europe. This was however, reversed in 2008 when Wall Street literally collapsed, with brokerages, banks, and state institutions falling like dominoes.This has caused untold misery to millions of homeowners in America who had their houses foreclosed. This situation should be seen as completely unique to our time, for the financial equations may no womb-to-tomb work so effectively as before. Coup led with fraud, lack of transparency, and the sheer number of complex financial instruments that flooded the market, the whole financial sector is way overdue for a bypass and cleanup. This is the darkest period since the prominent Depression in the 1930s. How will these events influence the future?I believe that these milestones represent yet other great development in the history of America and humanity in general. Technology will only continue to be improved with ever-increasing speeds and frightful ingenuity. The political climate will continue to evolve and result in relyfully a fairer system of governance that will represent the peoples of America. And financially, let us hope that the scares we went through are enough to jolt the wheelers and dealers to the fact that long-term stability is much more plummy than short-term gains and profiteering.

Travel and Term Paper Examples Essay Example for Free

Travel and Term Paper Examples EssayBelow is a free seek on Faq on Solo Travel from Anti Essays, your source for free research stems, essays, and term paper examples.1. Is it safe to travel alone?It is generally safe but do read up on the places you get out be visiting for all travel advisories such as petty crimes or things to get a line out for. Travel during daytime and try not to stray to areas that are isolated or dark.of all time keep your belongings in sight and safely secured. Separate a portion of your money and quotation card in a different location than the rest of your money in case of theft. permit someone know your travel itinerary and occasionally keep them updated of your whereabouts so that they know you are safe.2. What do I need to prepare before the trip?Plan for your trip Choose where to go and try to do as a good deal research on your destination as possible. Check to see for any visa requirements.Decide how long you want to travel and be aware of y our budget. You should know exactly how much you want to spend severally day on meals, transportation and lodging. Dont forget admission charge fees to places of interest and allocate some splurge money for shopping and souvenirs.It is recommended that you purchase travel insurance to screen for medical expenses and emergency evacuation in case you need medical attention during your trip.3. Where to stay? there are many kinds of accommodations that you can explore. However, hostels are often the cheaper option if you are travelling alone. Nevertheless, do run across out for good hotel deals online.For the more adventurous, there are interest groups that offer free stay at their homes. Check out www.couchsurfing.org. However, choose wisely to ensure that you get a good host. A trail will be to view comments about the host.For a farm stay experience, check out www.wwoof.org, where you will get free lodgings and food in exchange for a few hours of work each day at the owners farm. 4. What should I do during my trip?Travelling overseas does not mean you have to cover all the places of interests. Do not rush from one place to another. Be selective. More

Organisational Structure And Cross Cultural Management Icici Bank Commerce Essay

Organisational Structure And Cross cultural Man daysment Icici marge Commerce EssayThis story explores the linkage between organisational social social system and cross-cultural counsel. It suggests that a mobile and continuously evolving structure enables effective cross-cultural management. In support of this, the paper reports on the experience of the second largest avow in India and the largest private sector situate in India by merchandise capitalization. The coin bank has a net break by of 2,509 discriminatees and 5,808 ATMs in India, and has a presence in 19 countries, including India. ICICI chamfer offers a broad(a) range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of lecture transmit and specialization subsidiaries and affiliates in the atomic number 18as of investment banking, life and non-life restitution, venture capital and asset management. ICICI banking concern is excessively the largest issuer of c redit cards in India. ICICI banking concerns sh ars are listed on the stock exchanges atBSE,NSE,Kolkataand Vadodara (formerly Baroda) itsADRs trade on the smart York fall supersede(NYSE).The banking concern is dining in oerseas markets and has the largest international balance sheet among Indian banks. ICICI curse now has wholly dedicate subsidiaries, branches and representatives forces in 19 countries, including an offshore unit in Mumbai. This includes wholly owned subsidiaries in Canada, Russia and the UKoffshore banking units in Bahrain and Singapore, an advisory branch in Dubai, branches in Belgium, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka, and representative offices in Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, southmost Africa, Thailand, the fall in Arab Emirates and USA. Overseas, the shore is targeting the NRI (Non-Re human facent Indian) population in particular.ICICI reported a 1.15% rise in net dough toIndian rupee1,014.21 crore on a 1.29% increase in total income toIndian rup ee9,712.31 crore in Q2 September 2008 over Q2 September 2007. The banksCASA ratioincreased to 30% in 2008 from 25% in 2007.ICICI aver is one of the plentiful Four marginsof India, along withState assert of India,Punjab National BankandCanara Bank its main competitors.Introduction internationalistic handicraft houses are increasingly operating with multicultural thrash forces. One key to competitive gain for these business houses is effective cross-cultural management. Even conservative business houses such as traditionalistic banks are finding that the thrust of arguing requires them to manage diversity in their reportforces. An example of one such traditional bank is ICICI Bank. ICICI Banks performance and aspirations are under(a)pinned by a toughened organizational culture of dynamism, meritocracy, excellence in execution and high standards of professional integrity that acquire helped us become an industry leader. The bank runs a leadership development program which aims to build leadership talent in spite of appearance the organization. The program attempts to splash into the potential drop drop of employees and develop them into global leaders. It has in like manner extended its role beyond economic growth concerns to directly take part in the pursuit of human development.CROSS- CULTURE MANAGEMENTSmiths Work ViewSmith (ICICI MD) and his original team up did well. ICICI prospered. Their 8-8 banking service set a new benchmark in the industry BUT its grown as well as vast. Smith is surrounded by people who do not present the true status of the cripple retail dissatisfactionSmith has become risk averse and has appointed people whove been around him for eld, as heads of divisions. They do not have the same drive and enthusiasm as Smith and hence the stagnation. The need of the minute is to expand infrastructure, bring in younger people in the top management (people in 30s and archeozoic 40s). and ofcourse until then, ICICI merchantma n be avoided.Work culture at ICICI BankIt is a tech-savvy, non-hierarchical, work surround where former(a) responsibility and independent decision-making enable each employee to reach his/her potential. Coupled with this is a strong performance management placement that has built a meritocracy where high performing-high potential individuals are duly rewarded.Employees SatisfactionEven during break ICICI Bank did not cut back on employees But instead announced a policy of No promotion No bonus but no attrition too This policy is helping twain purposes for ICICI bank, cutting down employee cost and employee retention.Employees also feel that as an employer the bank extends a banding of authority along with justified accountability.Employees perceived the working culture at ICICI bank to be unfeignedly collaborative in nature. It can be owed to the fact that the bank is highly segmented with a multitude of overlapping and mostly distinct roles and responsibilities.The Employ ees also considered that ICICI bank offers them with a lot of financial benefits ranging from your family health insurance to your kids school donations.But certain concerns in terms of Lack of sequence for fulfilling social responsibilities And more sales oriented culture are there.Dress CodeICICI Bank would issue dress to be ill-defined by all Progamme Participants. This dress, as laid down, would be worn for all classes and former(a) nonionized activities. savings bank the time the participants are issued with the dress they would abide by the quest dress code (a) Gentlemen(i) Formal office trousers and shirts with a tie. Most acceptable colours for trousers would be black, brown, blue and grey. Preferable pastel colours for shirts.(ii) Suits for nut occasions.(iii) Formal footwear(iv) Well groomed.(b) Ladies(i) Silk or cotton (starched) sari(ii) Formal western wear (formal trousers/skirts with a top or a jacket) or salwar kameez.(iii) Formal footwear.(iv) Well groomed.Rol e Of Women In ICICI BankChanda Kochhar knew zippo about retail banking when she took over ICICI Banks fledgling retail operations in 1998 at the age of 36. That made Citibank and separates think ICICI was only doing a small flirtation, she says, and they underestimated the growth in the market. They also underestimated this smart, assertive woman, cognize for her colorful saris and carefully matched jewelry.Today ICICI, Indias second-largest and fastest-growing bank, is the market leader in retail banking, with more than 15 billion customers, accounting for more than a third of Indias total retail credit. And Kochhar No. 37 on this years list of the worlds most powerful businesswomen added corporate banking to her portfolio in April and is a leading candidate to become managing coach and chief executive of the Mumbai bank when the job becomes vacant at the end of 2008.That a woman should get hold of such success in a male-dominated industry, in an economy where women often p lay subservient roles, tycoon be a surprise at any other Indian bank. ButICICI(Charts) has made a name for itself by recognizing female talent. Three of the five members of the banks executive board are women, as are 13 of its 40 top managers and one of Kochhars two rivals for the chief executive job Shikha Sharma, the 47-year-old managing director of ICICI Prudential.in one case dubbed the petticoat brigade by Mumbais chauvinistic banking fraternity, these highly competitive women have helped build a business inhabitn for its aggressive, risk- fetching attitude and its growth from a sleepy, bureaucratic development institution into Indias most diversified and customer-oriented bank. to the highest degree all the leaders we have picked have succeeded, and most have been women, says K.V. Smith, ICICIs CEO, who has been responsible for empowering them.Kalpana Morparia, a lawyer and the other joint managing director, retires next May. Her peers at other banks say she has been the b ackbone of ICICI for the past ten years, looking by and by the raising of funds and the regulatory environment. She says she stayed at ICICI, when she could have earned far more elsewhere, because the empowerment gives an entrepreneurial framework, where you have all the support systems.Sharma, other aboriginal achiever and fast shapeer, admits she is fiercely competitive. When she was 33 she headed ICICIs side of a securities joint venture with J.P. Morgan, initially knowing little about markets. That led to a two-year stint at Morgan, after which she ran ICICIs corporate planning discussion section and started its retail banking operation. In 2000, knowing nothing about insurance, she set up the joint venture with Britains Prudential, which is restricted by government policy to a 26% equity stake and has only a minimal management presence. That leaves Sharma in charge of Indias largest private-sector insurance company, with 12.5% of the market. She says women are reliable at succeeding without prior experience because they have smaller egos than men, and its easier for me to say, Hey, I know nothing about this. Technology DepartmentVery aggressive Bank in terms of adopting the lift out praxiss, technology and takng business for a young entrant a very good opportunity to learn and growExtreme work instancys makes one to learn to respond quickly and efficiently and absorb pressure a trait useful for the futureSenior management backing for new initiatvesFairly transperant executing Appraisal systemOpen to changes in department for employees, allowing employees to growVery professional, Good place to workIt need only to fail product, brand awareness is high, very strong in systems, minimum paperwork, good training opportunities, opportunities given to do varied things other than the regular job. Excellent place to learn merchandising and strategy. Unearthly working hours usual. Less involvement from HR regarding welfare of employees, some open manag ers tend to press out down people who dont perform instead of hand holding them, demotions in roles very common, even if you are a good performer. Senior Management care more for your employees, they are more than just another email id Find ways to understand whats happening on the field, its very different from whatever pictorial matter you haveFlexibility in terms of changing job profiles power and authority assigned at each level is very motivating employees feel very powerful in ICICI as compared with other organisations.Literature ReviewThe author reviews the theoretical and empirical literature to examine the traditional perception that the following trade-off exists between economic efficiency and stability in the banking system a competitive banking system is more efficient and therefore important to growth, but market power is necessary for stability in the banking system. That this trade-off exists is not clear. Market power can have positive implications for efficiency, and the potentially negative implications of opposition on stability may be manageable through prudential regulation. Neither extreme (perfect competition nor monopoly) is likely ideal. Rather, it may be optimal to facilitate an environment that promotes competitive behaviour (contestability), thereby minimizing the potential costs of market power while realizing benefits from any residual that remains. It can be very catchy to assess the contestability of a banking market. Recent work suggests that the number of banks and the degree of concentration are not, in themselves, adequate indicators of contestability. Other factors play a strong role, including regulatory policies that promote competition, a well-developed financial system, the effects of branch networks, and the effect and uptake of technological advancements.Classical views of organizational structure have emphasized the perdurable arrangements in spite of appearance an organization. Jackson Morgan (1982) define organizational structure in line with the classical view as the comparatively enduring allocation of work roles and administrative mechanisms that creates a pattern of inter-related work activities, and allows the organization to conduct, coordinate, and control its work activities. This definition of organizational structure with the caveat that work arrangements need not always be relatively enduring.Early writers on the subject, including Taylor (1911), Fayol (1930), and Weber (Gerth Mills, 1958), had stipulated an ideal-type of organizational structure for all situations. In the late sixties and passim the 1970s, the one best form fits all view was replaced by the contingency approach. A contingency office such as that of Lorsch Morse (1974) prescribes that an alignment should exist between structure, task, technology, the environment, and people. This approach takes into account that structures can be conciliative and responsive to change. Contingency theorists such as D uncan (1977), Lawrence Lorsch (1967), Burns Stalker (1961), Minzberg (1979), Miles Snow (1978), and Galbraith (1973) recommended that organizational structure should be either entire or mechanistic depending on the nature of the external environment. A steadfast external environment called for a mechanistic structure, while a turbulent environment required an organic structure one plastic enough to evolve. The power of the contingency theory was validated in two countries from the non-English speaking world by Boseman Simonetti (1975), indicating that non-traditional notions of structure apply in a variety of cultural contexts.In the past twenty-five years several researchers have made a case for viewing organizational structure in terms of transient features rather than durable ones. Duncans work (1977) was among the earliest in this genre. Duncan advocated a bifurcated initiation and implementation structure for creative organizations. It then became possible to envisage s tructures that were bifurcated in other ways, such as those that have organic and bureaucratic structures existing conterminously as described by Peterson (1981). Here, the segment of the organization that engages in creative activities is separated from the rest of the organization, which is essentially bureaucratic. Just as creativity exerted a pressure for organizations to adopt transient structures, lately, knowledge generation and transfer in high information-intensity and focal ratio contexts have likewise exerted pressures for looser structures. Miles Snow (1995) have argued for flexile networked structures for such organizations. In their literature review piece, shaver McGrath (2001) too note how continuously changing structures, are de rigour in knowledge based organizations.Coulson-Thomas (1991) has predicted that corporations dealing with complex operations would opt for flatter and more fluid organizational structures that can develop into networks, as well as ha ve great flexibility and responsiveness to customer needs. This would be accompanied by a management approach which pushes organizational hierarchy to individuals, who require access to expertise and specialists.Pepper (1995) ripe(p) an even more dynamic perspective on structure, which incorporated such elements as working relationships, actual experiences of members, and interpretations of occurrences. Pepper suggested that structure should be treated like a document that is authored by organizational members.Weick (1995) also postulated a dynamic view of structure. Weick talked about enacting organizations which are a function of organizational members preferences. He observed, Organizing is a continuous flow of movement that people try to co-ordinate with a continuous flow of input. victorious off from the notion of enactment, is that of inverted firms. Anderson, Finkelstein, Quinn (1996) have recommended that hierarchies be dispensed with in certain contexts instead, structur es be organised in the form of patterns tailored to specific needs.Also closely related to the notion of enactment is that of extemporization. improvisation connotes flexibility of form, an area a few contemporary researchers are presently discussing. Volberda (1999) holds that the extent of flexibility of a firms structure should be aligned to the extent of turbulence prevalent in its environment. Additionally, a firm may on the whole be averagely flexible but have some(prenominal) a unit that is super flexible and a unit that is extremely rigid, functioning inwardly it. Gold Hirshfeld (2005) have demonstrated how the principles of improvisation underlying jazz music can be employ to promote strategic renewal within organizations.McHugh Wheeler (1995) described a particularly fluid structure called holonic network. This is a set of companies that acts integrated and organically it is constantly re-configured to manage each business opportunity a customer presents. Each co mpany within the network go forths a different process capability and is called a Holon. This capacity for frequent re-configuring has been termed more belatedly by Eisenhardt Galunic (2001) as architectural innovation. Here, the different capabilities of an organization, including its structural components are re-combined in various ways to stir performance.Table I Consider how our view of structure has changed over time IFrom durable structures to flexible structuresTheoristEssence of TheoryPeriodWeber, Taylor, FayolOne best form of structure that is largely unvarying, durable and bureaucratic. Focus was on establishing order and maintaining predictabilityEarly 20th CenturyDuncan, Lawrence Lorsch, Burns Stalker, Minzberg, Miles Snow, and GalbraithStructure should not be consistently unvarying. A stable environment necessitates a mechanistic structure, while a turbulent environment calls for an organic and flexible structure. The type of structure adopted should be continge nt on the nature of the environment.1960s 1970sDuncan, PetersonA creative organization should have certain elements of structure that are flexible.1970s early 1980sChild McGrath, Miles SnowA knowledge generation and transfer organization should have a flexible structure.1990s early 2000sTable II Consider how our view of structure has changed over time IIDifferent imperatives for flexible structuresTheoristEssence of TheoryPeriodCoulson-ThomasComplex, high-performance organizations require flat, fluid, flexible structures that enable responsiveness to customer needs. These structures can develop into networks.1991McHugh WheelerComplex, high-performance organizations require a fluid structure that enables re-configuration suited to each business opportunity that arises. These structures can develop into colonic networks.1995Pepper superior organizations require flexible structures capable of incorporating such features as actual experiences of members, etc. These structures ena ble employee participation in and ownership of organizational processes1995Weickhigh-performance organizations require flexible structures that enable employees to enact their work-related preferences. These structures promote efficiency and employee participation.1995Anderson, Finkelstein, Quinn superior organizations sometimes require inverted structures that enable the removal of hierarchies. These structures can be tailored to specific needs.1996VolberdaHigh-performance organizations should be internally differentiated so that units have varying extents of flexibility. This promotes efficiency and alignment with the environments demand.1999Eisenhardt GalunicHigh-performance organizations should stress the architectural innovation capability of its structure. This enhances performance.2001Gold HirschfieldHigh-performance organizations require structures that are capable of improvisation. This enables strategic renewal.2005 tone at organizational structure in terms of a histor ical perspective is useful, since it underscores the fact that its components do not have to be durable. Thus due to several imperatives, organizational structures are assuming flexible forms. Cross-cultural management can be a further reason why organizations should adopt flexible structures with transient features. That personnel can have preferences for structural forms that reflect their cultural heritage is indicated by the INSEAD field of battle of Stevens (cited in Hofstede, 1991).In this take up, MBA students from Great Britain, France and Germany were presented with a caselet about and interpersonal problem in a corporation. The students were pass to present a solution that involved re-engineering the structure. The interpersonal problem was that two department heads could not visualize eye to eye. The British students diagnosed the problem as cosmos one of poor communication between the department heads. The problem could be resolved, according to the British students , by providing training in interpersonal skills to the feuding department heads. The french students suggested that the problem be referred one level up to the president of the corporation. The German students recommended that there should be greater clarity regarding the roles, responsibilities, and spheres of activity of the two department heads. These roles, etc. the German students opined, should be described and specified unambiguously.Stevens study specifically suggests that flexible structural forms may be appropriate in cross-cultural management contexts. Changs (2002) paper written notes that culture has implications for job design. Thus, managers from individualistic ethnic cultures will value personal accomplishments. Meanwhile managers from collectivist cultures would place a premium on working harmoniously with others. The challenge is to design structures so that managers from both types of cultures can work productively together.We present here the experience of ICI CI Bank as indicative that a fluid, flexible structure enables cross-cultural management. The fluid, flexible structure at ICICI Banks enabled managers from different cultures (collectivist and individualistic, high power-distance and low power-distance, etc.) to work synergistically with each other. Flexible structures obviate the sense that a structure or work pattern is being imposed by one cultural group on others. It provides a mechanism whereby culturally different work patterns can be reconciled in a meaningful fashion. (Reconciliation is a term used by Trompenaars (1993) for the process he developed to work through the tensions created by cultural differences.)RESEARCH attackThis study constitutes an exploratory effort. Its purpose is to examine how a fluid, flexible organizational structure facilitates cross-cultural management. Huberman Miles (1994) have recommended that when a deeper understanding of management contexts is sought, soft research designs may be appropria te. Similarly, organization theorists like Marjoribanks (2000) and Vogel (1996) have deliberately used fine-grained case studies to capture how institutional diffusion occurs. The present study employs qualitative methods and a substantive case study to observe and report the co-evolution of a fluid, flexible organizational structure and cross-cultural management practices.ICICI Bank has a vast and a well-connected network of branches offering scarce banking and other financial services to its customers. You need not look far for anICICI bank branchand can get all the relevant information regarding the address, phone number and other information about the adjacent branch of ICICI bank in your area using an online tool of branch locator to locate an ICICI bank branch. The ICICI bank has established its branches in easily accessible market places across India enabling its customers to avail a variety of retail banking products offered by the bank.The ICICI bank branches are spread t hroughout India and the world having1,488 branches both in India and18countries. The customer care executives at branches are willing to help in order to provide assistance in all sorts of bank related products and services. The current office timings of ICICI bank branches are 8AM-8PM which has been proposed to 9AM-6PM.The bank has spread its reach far across the globe with branches inCanada, USA, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Sri Lanka. It has established its presence in places such as Kuala Lumpur, San Francisco, San Jose, New York, Californiaetc.As the bank is playing an important role in countrys Political, Socio- economic, Technological environment as it provides many facilities to many customers throughout many countries and future plans are to expand the branches across the borders to meet the pace of Globalization and contribute to maximum Optimum utilization of resources in a well structured manner.ICICI BankBackground in briefIn 1955, The Industrial Credit and investmen t flock of India hold (ICICI) was incorporated at the initiative of World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry, with the objective of creating a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. In 1994, ICICI established Banking sight as a banking subsidiary. Formerly known as Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India, ICICI Banking Corporation was later renamed as ICICI Bank Limited. ICICI founded a separate legal entity, ICICI Bank, to undertake normal banking operations taking deposits, credit cards, car loans etc. In 2001, ICICI acquiredBank of Madura(est. 1943). Bank of Madura was aChettiarbank, and had acquiredChettinad Mercantile Bank(est. 1933) andIllanji Bank(established 1904) in the 1960s. In 2002, The Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the reverse merger of ICICI,ICICI Personal Financial Services LimitedandICICI Capital Services Limited, into ICICI Bank. After receiving all necessary regulatory approvals, ICICI integrated the groups financing and banking operations, both wholesale and retail, into a single entity. At the same time, ICICI started its international expansion by opening representative offices inNew Yorkand London. In India, ICICI Bank bought theShimlaandDarjeelingbranches thatStandard Chartered Bankhad inherited when it acquiredGrindlays Bank.In 2003, ICICI opened subsidiaries in Canada and the United Kingdom (UK), and in the UK it established an alliance with Lloyds TSB. It also opened an Offshore Banking Unit (OBU) in Singapore and representative offices in Dubai and Shanghai. In 2004, ICICI opened a representative office in Bangladesh to tap the extensive trade between that country, India and South Africa. In 2005, ICICI acquired Investitsionno-Kreditny Bank (IKB), a Russia bank with about US$4mn in assets, head office inBalabanovoin theKalugaregion, and with a branch inMoscow. ICICI renamed the bank IC ICI Bank Eurasia. Also, ICICI established a branch inDubaiInternational Financial Centre and inHong Kong. In 2006, ICICI Bank UK opened a branch inAntwerp, in Belgium. ICICI opened representative offices inBangkok,Jakarta, andKuala Lumpur. In 2007, ICICI unify Sangli Bank, which was headquartered inSangli, inMaharashtraState, and which had 158 branches in Maharashtra and another 31 inKarnatakaState. Sangli Bank had been founded in 1916 and was particularly strong in rural areas. With respect to the international sphere, ICICI also received permission from the government ofQatarto open a branch inDoha. Also, ICICI Bank Eurasia opened a second branch, this time in St. Petersburg. In 2008, TheUS Federal Reservepermitted ICICI to convert its representative office inNew Yorkinto a branch. ICICI also established a branch in Frankfurt. In 2009, ICICI made huge changes in its organization like excretory product of loss making department and re-stretching outsourced staff or renegotiate th eir charges in consequent to the recession. In amplification to this, ICICI adopted a massive approach aims for cost control and cost cutting. In consequent of it, payment to staff was not increased and no bonus declared for 2008-09.On 23 May ICICI Bank announced that it would merge withBank of Rajasthanthrough a share-swap in a non-cash deal that values the Bank of Rajasthan at aboutIndian rupee3,000 crore. ICICI announced that the merger expand ICICI Banks branch network by 25%.On 18h October 2010, ICICI will inaugurate I-Express, an instant cross-border money transfer option for Non-Resident Indians (NRIs). This service will be available through the ICICI Banks select partners in theGulf Cooperation Council.ICICI Bank is Indias second-largest bank with total assets of Rs. 3,634.00 billion (US$ 81 billion) at March 31, 2010 and profit after tax Rs. 40.25 billion (US$ 896 million) for the year ended March 31, 2010. The Bank has a network of 2,509 branches and 5,808 ATMs in India, and has a presence in 19 countries, including India. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. The Bank currently has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Russia and Canada, branches in United States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Qatar and Dubai International Finance Centre and representative offices in United Arab Emirates, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Our UK subsidiary has established branches in Belgium and Germany.ICICI Banks equity shares are listed in India on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).Controversies over timeICICI Bank has been in focus in recent years because of assert harassment of customers by its recovery agents. Listed below are some of the related news linksICICI Bank was finedIndian rupee55 lakh for hiring goons (known coloquially as goondas) to recover a loan. Recovery agents had ,allegedly, forcibly dragged out a early days (who was not even the borrower) from the car, beaten him up with iron rods and left him bleeding as they drove away with the vehicle. We hold ICICI Bank guilty of the grossest kind of deficiency in service and unfair trade practice for breach of terms of contract of hire-purchase/loan agreement by seizing the vehicle illegally,No civil society governed by the rule of law can brook such kind of conduct express Justice Kaleem, who was born in Laddhawala, Muzaffarnagar is the president of the consumer commission. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18Four ICICI loan employees arrested on theft charges in Punjab. 19ICICI Bank told to payIndian rupee1 lakh as compensation for using unlawful recovery metho ds. 20RBI warns ICICI Bank for coercive methods to recover loans. 21ICICI Bank drives customer to suicide Four men including an employee of ICICI Bank booked under sections 452, 306, 506 (II) and 34 of IPC for abetting suicide. According to the suicide note they advised him, If you cannot repay the bank loan, sell off your wife, your kids, yourself, sell everything at your home. Even then if you cannot n